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1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1253869

ABSTRACT

La tuberculosis es la primera causa de mortalidad infectocontagiosa a nivel mundial. La tuberculosis pulmonar corresponde a la presentación más frecuente, sin embargo, el 15 % de los casos cursan con infección extrapulmonar, siendo raro el compromiso amigdalino. Este reporte de caso describe a un paciente de 39 años con odinofagia recurrente secundaria a amigdalitis por Mycobacterium tuberculosis, un raro caso de tuberculosis extrapulmonar. La amigdalitis es una infección leve y frecuente de la vía aérea superior, que responde adecuadamente al manejo antibiótico; sin embargo, cuadros recurrentes y prolongados, manifestaciones atípicas o pobre respuesta a la antibioticoterapia son características que obligan a la búsqueda de diagnósticos diferenciales, lo que lleva a considerar la presencia de Mycobacterium tuberculosis como agente etiológico, especialmente en países con alto índice de tuberculosis como Colombia


Tuberculosis is the leading cause of infectious mortality worldwide. The pulmonary one corresponds to the most frequent presentation, however up to 15% of tuberculosis cases present extrapulmonary involvement, tonsillar tuberculosis being rare. The following is a case report of a 39-year-old patient with recurrent odynophagia secondary to Mycobacterium tuberculosis tonsillitis, a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Tonsillitis is a benign and extremely common infection of the upper airway. Such patients benefit from systemic antibiotics, although, recurrent episodes, prolonged odynophagia, atypical manifestations, or poor response to antimicrobial therapy forces consideration of diagnostic possibilities other than the obvious, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the etiological agent, especially in countries with the highest rates of tuberculosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complications , Tonsillitis/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging , Tonsillitis/drug therapy , Tonsillitis/diagnostic imaging , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
2.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 23(1): 8-14, Jan.-Feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001504

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bacterial tonsillitis is an upper respiratory tract infection that occurs primarily in children and adolescents. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequent pathogens in the etiology of tonsillitis and its relevance is due to its antimicrobial resistance and persistence in the internal tissues of the tonsils. Tonsillectomy is indicated in cases of recurrent tonsillitis after several failures of antibiotic therapy. Material and methods: In this study we evaluated 123 surgically removed tonsils from patients who had history of recurrent tonsillitis. The tonsils were submitted to microbiological analysis for detection of S. aureus. The isolates were identified by PCR for femA gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined by disk diffusion tests. All isolates were submitted to PCR to detect mecA and Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) genes. The genetic similarity among all isolates was determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Results: Sixty-one S. aureus isolates were obtained from 50 patients (40.7%) with mean age of 11.7 years. The isolates showed high level resistance to penicillin (83.6%), 9.8% had inducible MLSb phenotype, and 18.0% were considered multidrug resistant (MDR). mecA gene was detected in two isolates and the gene coding for PVL was identified in one isolate. The genetic similarity analysis showed high diversity among the isolates. More than one genetically different isolate was identified from the same patient, and identical isolates were obtained from different patients. Conclusions: MDR isolates colonizing tonsils even without infection, demonstrate persistence of the bacterium and possibility of antimicrobial resistance dissemination and recurrence of infection. A specific clone in patients colonized by S. aureus was not demonstrated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus aureus/genetics , Tonsillitis/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Tonsillectomy/methods , Tonsillitis/surgery , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Cross-Sectional Studies , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/drug effects , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
3.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 76(1): 82-85, abr. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-784887

ABSTRACT

La amigdalitis hemorrágica es una complicación poco frecuente de los cuadros faringoamigdalinos con reducido número de casos reportados en la literatura. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 28 años que consultó al servicio de urgencia por un cuadro de un día de evolución de odinofagia, fiebre y tos hemoptoica, diagnosticándose una amigdalitis hemorrágica que requirió amigdalectomía de urgencia por la persistencia del sangrado. En la biopsia se encontró la presencia de actinomices. Se manejó con terapia antibiótica por 14 días y evolucionó favorablemente sin complicaciones. Esa patología a pesar de ser un cuadro infrecuente, debe considerarse dentro de los posibles diagnósticos de sangrado de la vía aérea alta.


Hemorrhagic tonsillitis is a rare complication of tonsillitis, with only few case reports in the literature. We report the case of a 28-year-old patient evaluated at our emergency department because ofone-day sore throat, fever, cough and hemoptysis. Hemorrhagic tonsillitis was diagnosed that required emergency tonsillectomy that same day. The presence of Actinomyces was later described on the biopsy. Patient was managed with antibiotic therapy for 14 days and evolved favorably without complications. Despite being a rare sickness, hemorrhagic tonsillitis should be included in our differential diagnose of upper airway bleeding.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Tonsillitis/complications , Tonsillitis/therapy , Hemorrhage/etiology , Tonsillectomy , Actinomyces/isolation & purification , Tonsillitis/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
4.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 81(4): 402-407, July-Aug. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-758023

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The most common pathogen in bacterial pharyngotonsillitis is group A β-hemolytic streptococcus, although groups B, C, F,and G have also been associated with pharyngotonsillitis.OBJECTIVE: To assess the levels of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6,IL-4, and IL-10 in bacterial pharyngotonsillitis caused by group A and non-A (groups B, C, F and G) β-hemolytic streptococcus.METHODS: The study was conducted at a pediatric emergency care unit. The sample comprised children (5-9 years old) with acute bacterial pharyngotonsillitis diagnosed between December of 2011 and May of 2012. The research involved collection of blood samples from the patients, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection of TNF-α, IL-6,IL-4, and IL-10, and collection of two oropharyngeal swabs for bacterial isolation. Additionally, the medical history of the study participants was also collected.RESULTS: In the studied group (mean age: 5.93 years), higher pharyngotonsillitis incidence was observed in the female gender (64.76%). Higher incidence of tonsillar exudates was observed with groups A and C. No statistically significant differences in cytokine levels were observed among groups. However, the group A and the control group showed a difference in the IL-6 level (p = 0.0016).CONCLUSIONS: The Groups A and C showed higher cytokine levels than the Groups B and control, suggesting similar immunological patterns.


INTRODUÇÃO: O patógeno mais comumente associado à faringotonsilite bacteriana é o estreptococo β-hemolítico do grupo A, a despeito dos grupos B, C, F e G terem também sido associados com a faringotonsilite.OBJETIVO: Determinar os níveis das citosinas TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, e IL-10 na faringotonsilite bacteriana causada pelos estreptococos β-hemolíticos do grupo A e não-A (grupos B, C, F e G).MÉTODO: O estudo foi conduzido em uma emergência pediátrica. A amostra estudada compreendeu crianças (entre 5 e 9 anos) com faringotonsilite aguda bacteriana diagnosticada entre dezembro de 2011 e maio de 2012. A pesquisa envolveu a coleta de amostras sanguíneas dos pacientes, a detecção, através do ELISA, de TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10, além da coleta de dois swabs orofaríngeos para isolamento bacteriano. Adicionalmente foi coletada a história médica dos participantes do estudo.RESULTADOS: No grupo estudado (idade média: 5,93 anos), a maior incidência de faringotonsilite foi observada no gênero feminino (64,76%). Foram detectadas maiores incidências de exsudatos tonsilares nos grupos A e C. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes dos níveis de citosinas entre os grupos. Porém os grupos A e o controle mostraram diferença nos níveis de IL-6 (p = 0.0016).CONCLUSÕES: Os grupos A e C mostraram maiores níveis de citosinas que os grupos B e o controle, sugerindo mecanismos imunológicos similares.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Interleukins/biosynthesis , Pharyngitis/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Streptococcus pyogenes/metabolism , Tonsillitis/microbiology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis , Acute Disease , Case-Control Studies , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Streptococcus pyogenes/immunology , Streptococcus/classification , Streptococcus/metabolism
5.
Arab Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2013; 9 (4): 87-104
in Arabic | IMEMR | ID: emr-142821

ABSTRACT

It was proven that biofilm formation had an important role in relapse infections and bacterial resistance against antibiotics in recurrent bacterial infections. Bacterial biofilm formation in crypts of tonsil's Core is considered as a major factor in the chronicity and treatment failure in patients with recurrent tonsillitis. According to that, we aimed in our study to evaluate the efficacy of some antibiotics recommended in recurrent tonsillitis in preventing the biofilm formation by some bacteria isolated from tonsil's core. We had worked on five aerobic species, isolated from tonsil's core of children suffering from recurrent tonsillitis and undergoing tonsillectomy, three were Gram Positive Cocci [Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes], and two were Gram Negative bacilli [Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli]. We evaluated efficacy of five different antibiotics, Amoxicillin clavulanic acid, Azithromycin, Lincomycin, Cefuroxime, and Ceftriaxone. Bacterial identification and Disk diffusion test were carried out through standard procedures. Evaluation of the anti adherence efficacy of the antibiotics were carried out by using "The microtiter plate assay". Our study shows that Azithromyin has the best efficacy on the Gram Positive Cocci adherence, followed by Cephalosporin, and Augmentin, while Lincomycin increased the adherence's rate. Ceftriaxone has the best efficacy on the Gram Negative Bacilli adherence, while Lincomycin and Cefuroxime increased the adherence's rate, and Augmentin and Azithromycin have no effect on the adherence


Subject(s)
Tonsillitis/microbiology , Adhesins, Bacterial/drug effects , Bacterial Adhesion/drug effects , Recurrence , Palatine Tonsil/microbiology
6.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 78(5): 110-115, set.-out. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-654295

ABSTRACT

Faringotonsilite causada por Streptococcus β-hemolítico afeta principalmente crianças e imunocomprometidos, sendo Streptococcus pyogenes (Grupo A) o agente mais comum em faringotonsilites bacterianas. OBJETIVO: Este trabalho objetivou a busca por Streptococcus β-hemolítico do Grupo A (SBHGA) e Não A (SBHGNA) na orofaringe de indivíduos com necessidades especiais da APAE (Maceió-AL). MÉTODO:Estudo prospectivo com amostras da orofaringe de pacientes com síndrome de Down e outras desordens mentais (teste) e estudantes de escola privada (controle) de 5-15 anos. Culturas em ágar sangue (5%) foram identificadas através dos testes de Gram/catalase e o método de disco difusão com bacitracina/sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim, aplicando-se o teste Chi-quadrado em análises estatísticas. RESULTADOS: Um total de 222 colônias bacterianas foram isoladas em 74 indivíduos da APAE e 65 no grupo controle. No grupo teste, episódios prévios de faringotonsilites foram relatados por 36,49% (27/74) e 9,46% (7/74) foram diagnosticados com sintomas e/ou sinais sugestivos de infecção orofaríngea. Nenhuma amostra de S. pyogenes foi confirmada na APAE, sendo todas identificadas como SBHGNA, com cinco SBHGA no grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO:A identificação precoce de Streptococcus β-hemolítico é importante para o tratamento rápido de faringotonsilites e a ausência de S. pyogenes evita futuras sequelas supurativas ou não supurativas no grupo da APAE.


Pharyngotonsillitis by β-hemolytic Streptococcus mostly affects children and imunocompromissed, being Streptococcuspyogenes (Group A) the most common agent in bacterial pharyngotonsillitis. AIM:This work targeted the research of β-hemolytic Streptococcus Group-A (SBHGA) and No-A (SBHGNA) in the oropharynx of individuals with special health needs from the APAE (Maceió-AL). METHOD: A prospective study with oropharynx samples from patients with Down syndrome and other mental disorders (test) and students from a private school (control) aged 5-15 years. Cultures in blood agar (5%) were identified through Gram/catalase tests and bacitracin/trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole disk diffusion method, applying the chi-squared statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 222 bacterial colonies were isolated in 74 individuals from APAE and 65 in the control group. In the test group, previous episodes of pharyngotonsillitis were reported by 36.49% (27/74) and 9.46% (7/74) were diagnosed with symptoms and/or signs suggestive of oropharynx infection. No positive sample of S. pyogenes was confirmed at APAE, being all samples classified as SBHGNA, with 5 SBHGA in the control group. CONCLUSION: The early identification of β-hemolytic Steptococcus is important for the fast treatment of pharyngotonsillitis and the absence of S. pyogenes avoid future suppurative or not-suppurative sequels in the group from APAE.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Intellectual Disability/microbiology , Pharyngitis/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolation & purification , Tonsillitis/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Case-Control Studies , Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcus pyogenes/drug effects , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/pharmacology
7.
Pediatria (Säo Paulo) ; 31(2): 94-99, abr.-jun. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-526615

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Faringoamidalite é queixa frequente nos pronto-socorros pediátricos, com presença do Streptococcus pyogenes em 20 por cento dos casos. Os sinais e sintomas clínicos são insuficientes para diferenciar quadros virais dos bacterianos. Os métodos microbiológicos, teste rápido(TR) e cultura orofaringe(CO) são indispensáveis para diagnóstico e redução de antibióticos...


Introductions: Pharyngitis is a common complaint in the emergency room for children, with the presence of Streptococcus pyogenes in 20 per cent of the cases. The clinical signs and symptoms are insufficient to differentiate viral from bacterial infections. The microbiological methods, rapid test (RT) and oropharynx cultura (OC), are essential for diagnosis and for reducing the use of antibiotics...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Pharyngitis/diagnosis , Pharyngitis/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Streptococcus/pathogenicity , Tonsillitis/diagnosis , Tonsillitis/microbiology , Culture Media , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Streptococcus/isolation & purification
8.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 74(6): 903-911, nov.-dez. 2008. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-503635

ABSTRACT

Faringoamigdalite na população pediátrica é largamente tratada com antibióticos. OBJETIVO: Estudar a microflora presente na superfície e no núcleo de amígdalas após adenoamigdalectomia eletiva em crianças. MÉTODO: Amígdalas de 102 crianças de Trinidad foram prospectivamente estudadas por meio de culturas e identificações bacteriológicas feitas a partir de amostras das superfícies e núcleos de suas amígdalas entre 2005-2006. RESULTADOS: A partir de 360 amígdalas, foram isolados Streptococcus spp. (51,3 por cento), Staphylococcus spp. (42,3 por cento) e Gram-Negativos (6,4 por cento). A identificação de estafilococos e estreptococos tanto na superfície quanto no núcleo foi semelhante (p>0,05). Encontramos mais (p<0,001) Streptococcus spp. nas superfícies (82,2 por cento) do que nos núcleos (63,3 por cento); a prevalência de estreptococos alfa-hemolíticos foi maior (p<0,001) do que aquela de estreptococos beta-hemolíticos nas superfícies (74,4 por cento vs. 18,6 por cento) do que nos núcleos (58,9 por cento vs. 13,7 por cento). Não houve concordância entre superfícies e núcleos com relação a estreptococos (p<0,0004) e estreptococos alfa-hemolíticos (p<0,007). Estreptococos beta-hemolíticos foram mais identificados (p<0,05) em crianças dentre 6-16 anos do que naquelas entre 1-5 anos de idade (31 por cento e 23,8 por cento vs 12,5 por cento e 8 por cento). A prevalência de S. pyogenes na superfície e no núcleo foi de (84,6 por cento vs 70 por cento) e (50,0 por cento vs 25,0 por cento) em crianças de maior faixa etária e crianças mais novas, respectivamente. Klebsiella spp. (6,6 por cento, 2,2 por cento), Proteus (4,4 por cento, 4,4 por cento) e Pseudomonas (4,4 por cento, 1,1 por cento) cresceram nas superfícies e núcleos, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: As superfícies amigdalianas tinham mais estreptococos e estreptococos hemolíticos do que seus núcleos. Crianças mais velhas tiveram mais estreptococos beta-hemolíticos, e são altamente colonizadoras...


Pharyngotonsillitis in children is widely treated with antibiotics. AIM: To examine tonsil surface and core microflora following elective adenotonsillectomy in children. METHODS: Tonsils of 102 Trinidadian children were prospectively examined for surface and core bacteriological culture and identification between 2005-2006. RESULTS: Tonsils (360) yielded 800 isolates of Streptococcus spp. (51.3 percent), Staphylococcus spp. (42.3 percent) and Gram-negative genera (6.4 percent). Surface and core recovery of staphylococci and streptococci were similar (p>0.05). More (p<0.001) surfaces (82.2 percent) than cores (63.3 percent) grew Streptococcus spp.; α-haemolytic Streptococcus prevalence was higher (p<0.001) than ß-haemolytic Streptococcus on surfaces (74.4 percent vs. 18.6 percent) than cores (58.9 percent vs. 13.7 percent). Surfaces and cores were not concordant for streptococci (p<0.0004) and α-haemolytic Streptococcus (p<0.007). Surface and core ß-haemolytic Streptococcus yield was higher (p<0.05) in 6-16 than 1-5 year olds (31 percent and 23.8 percent vs 12.5 percent and 8 percent). S. pyogenes surface and core prevalence was (84.6 percent vs 70 percent) and (50.0 percent vs 25.0 percent) in older and younger children respectively. Klebsiella spp. (6.6 percent, 2.2 percent), Proteus (4.4 percent, 4.4 percent) and Pseudomonas (4.4 percent, 1.1 percent) grew on surfaces and cores respectively. CONCLUSION: Tonsil surfaces yield higher surface than core carriage for streptococci overall and for α haemolytic streptococci. Older children grow more β-haemolytic streptococci and are high colonizers of S. pyogenes. Studies probing the mechanisms of streptococcal adhesions in Trinidadian children are suggested.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Palatine Tonsil/microbiology , Staphylococcus/isolation & purification , Streptococcus/isolation & purification , Tonsillitis/microbiology , Adenoidectomy , Chronic Disease , Prospective Studies , Palatine Tonsil/surgery , Tonsillectomy , Trinidad and Tobago , Tonsillitis/surgery
9.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 68(1): 7-15, abr. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-499244

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La faringoamigdalitis aguda (FAA) es un cuadro infeccioso producido por numerosos agentes etiológicos, siendo Streptococcus pyogenes (SP) el más frecuentemente involucrado y el principal responsable de potenciales complicaciones. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de éste y otros microorganismos en una muestra de población pediátrica y adulta. Material y método: Se diseñó un estudio prospectivo de casos y controles en pacientes que consultaron en forma consecutiva por odinofagia con signos de inflamación faringoamigdalina. Resultados: Se obtuvo un examen completo incluyendo un cultivo faríngeo en 159 pacientes entre 3 y 55 años. Entre los síntomas relevantes destacaron: cefalea, fiebre, adenopatíasy exudado. En adultos, 29 por ciento de las FAA fueron causadas por SP, mientras que en niños sólo 17 por ciento. En ningún paciente control se objetivó la presencia de SP. Conclusión: No existió correlación entre las características clínicas y la presencia de SP. De acuerdo a estos resultados se sugiere la realización rutinaria de un estudio etiológico al enfrentarse a una FAA.


Acute pharyngotonsillitis (APT) is an infectious disease that can be caused by numerous etiologic agents, with Streptococcus pyogenes (SP) being the most frequently involved and the main cause of potential complications. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of this and other microorganisms in a sample of a pediatric and adult population. A prospective study of cases and controls was designed in patients that presented consecutively with odynophagia and pharyngotonsilar inflammation. A complete exam was performed, including pharyngeal culture in 159 patients between 3 and 55 years of age. Among relevant symptoms we found: headache, fever, lymphadenopathy and tonsilar exúdate. 29 percentofAPTs were caused by SP in adults, and only 17 percent In children. Conclusions: There was no correlation between clinical characteristics and SP presence. According to these results, a routine etiologic study is suggested when facing an APT.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Pharyngitis/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/epidemiology , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolation & purification , Tonsillitis/microbiology , Deglutition Disorders/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Chile/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Acute Disease , Prospective Studies , Case-Control Studies , Pharyngitis/drug therapy , Prevalence , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Streptococcus pyogenes , Tonsillitis/drug therapy
10.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 83(5): 465-470, Sept.-Oct. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-467359

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: A faringoamigdalite aguda é uma das doenças mais freqüentes na prática pediátrica, sendo o estreptococo beta-hemolítico do grupo A (EBHGA) o agente etiológico bacteriano mais comum. O seu diagnóstico e tratamento adequados são importantes principalmente para a prevenção de seqüelas não-supurativas. Testes rápidos de detecção de antígenos do estreptococo do grupo A são uma ferramenta útil no diagnóstico das faringoamigdalites estreptocócicas, pela rapidez dos resultados, acurácia e baixo custo; no entanto, são pouco utilizados em nosso meio e pouco estudados em nosso país. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a acurácia de um kit de teste rápido de detecção de antígeno do EBHGA comparado à cultura de suabe de orofaringe. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionadas crianças de 1 a 18 anos com diagnóstico clínico de faringoamigdalite aguda em serviços públicos de urgência e clínica privada de Belo Horizonte (MG), sendo excluídas as que haviam utilizado antibióticos até 30 dias antes da consulta. A amostra final incluiu 229 pacientes, que foram submetidos a coleta de dois suabes de orofaringe, um para o teste rápido para EBHGA e o outro enviado para cultura. RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se sensibilidade de 90,7 por cento, especificidade de 89,1 por cento, valor preditivo positivo de 72,1 por cento, valor preditivo negativo de 96,9 por cento e razão de verossimilhança positiva de 9,0 para o teste rápido utilizado comparado à cultura. CONCLUSÃO: O teste rápido utilizado apresentou boa correlação com a cultura, sendo, portanto, de grande utilidade na prática clínica para detecção do EBHGA.


OBJECTIVES: Acute pharyngitis is one of the most common diseases in pediatric practice, and the most common bacterial etiology is group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS). Correct diagnosis and treatment are primarily of importance to the prevention of non-suppurative sequelae. Rapid tests for detecting the antigen of group A streptococcus are a useful tool for the diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis, due to the speed of results, accuracy and low cost; however, in our country they are little used and have been little studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a GABHS rapid antigen detection test kit, in comparison with oropharynx swab culture. METHODS: Children aged 1 to 18 years with clinical diagnoses of acute pharyngitis were chosen at public emergency and private clinical services in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with children being excluded if they had taken antibiotics within 30 days of their consultation. The final sample consisted of 229 patients, each of whom had two oropharynx swabs taken, one for rapid GABHS testing and the other to be sent for culture. RESULTS: We observed sensitivity of 90.7 percent, specificity of 89.1 percent, a positive predictive value of 72.1 percent, a negative predictive value of 96.9 percent and a positive likelihood ratio of 9.0 for the rapid test used here, compared with culture. CONCLUSIONS: The rapid test studied exhibited a good correlation with culture and is, therefore, of great use in clinical practice for detection of GABHS.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Latex Fixation Tests/methods , Pharyngitis/diagnosis , Streptococcus pyogenes , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Tonsillitis/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Predictive Value of Tests , Pharyngitis/microbiology , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Tonsillitis/microbiology
11.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 67(1): 38-45, abr. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-475758

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La amigdalitis aguda recurrente es una patología de frecuente consulta, es una de las indicaciones de amigdalectomía. No se sabe con exactitud el origen de esta patología. Objetivo: Identificar la microbiología y patrones de susceptibilidad de las bacterias en la amigdalitis aguda recurrente bacteriana (AARB) a los antimicrobianos más comúnmente en el medio nacional, usados en su tratamiento. Material y método: Se planificó un estudio prospectivo, controlado y ciego. Se evaluaron pacientes (casos) con antecedentes de AARB con indicación quirúrgica. Los criterios de inclusión de los casos fueron niños de ambos sexos entre 4 y 10 años, sin historia de inmunodeficiencias, no haber recibido antibióticos en los 15 días previos a la cirugía. Se definió como controles a los pacientes con antecedentes de apnea del sueño con indicación quirúrgica y sin antecedentes de AARB o cuadros sugerentes de amigdalitis en los últimos 6 meses. En todos los pacientes se utilizó la misma técnica de toma de muestra de tejido para cultivo y antibiograma. Para el estudio de sensibilidades se realizó un antibiograma de las cepas aisladas y se evaluó la presencia de beta lactamasas. Los datos fueron analizados con el programa S-plus para análisis univariado. Para evaluar proporciones se utilizó el test de chi-cuadrado o el test exacto de Fisher Las variables continuas fueron evaluadas con el test de Wilcoxon Two sample. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las cepas encontradas en el grupo de casos y de controles. La bacteria aislada con más frecuencia fue Haemophilus influenzae en 26 muestras en cada grupo (81 por ciento), seguido por S. Aureusy Streptococccus beta hemolítico grupo A (SBHGA). En cuanto a las asociaciones de patógenos más frecuentes, se encontró que las mayores asociaciones fueron H. influenzae + S. aureusyH. influenzae + SBHGA. Tampoco hubo diferencias esrtadísticamente significativas en frecuencia de estas...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Amygdala , Haemophilus influenzae/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Tonsillitis/diagnosis , Tonsillitis/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Acute Disease , Prospective Studies , Case-Control Studies , Haemophilus influenzae , Haemophilus influenzae/enzymology , Macrolides/pharmacology , Double-Blind Method , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Recurrence , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus aureus/enzymology , beta-Lactamases/metabolism
12.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 82(5,supl): S146-S152, Nov. 2006.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-441734

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Apresentar as recomendações baseadas em evidência para uso de antibióticos no tratamento das infecções respiratórias agudas (IRA) mais freqüentes e as informações disponíveis sobre a importância desse tipo de conduta. FONTES DOS DADOS: Bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, publicações técnicas de organizações internacionais, diretrizes nacionais e internacionais. Foram utilizados os unitermos acute respiratory infection, otitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, antibiotic, guidelines, bacterial resistance. Artigos citados pelos artigos incluídos foram analisados quanto à apresentação de informação de interesse. SíNTESE DOS DADOS: A resistência bacteriana tem crescido, sendo atualmente reconhecida como problema mundial de saúde pública. As IRA são a causa mais freqüente para uso de antibiótico na comunidade; grande parte desses casos, tanto nas vias aéreas superiores (otite, sinusite, faringoamidalite) como nas inferiores (pneumonia), são decorrente de infecção viral. As recomendações para racionalizar o uso de antibióticos nos pacientes com IRA têm como objetivo comum minimizar o uso desnecessário de antibióticos, visto que a "pressão antibiótica" é um dos fatores desencadeantes da resistência bacteriana. CONCLUSÕES: É de grande importância a distinção, entre os pacientes com IRA, daqueles que podem se beneficiar do uso de antibióticos. O uso das recomendações para a prescrição de antibióticos é uma estratégia para minimizar a freqüência de resistência bacteriana.


OBJECTIVES: To present evidence-based recommendations for the use of antibiotics for the treatment of the most common acute respiratory infections (ARI) and the available information on the importance of this type of management. SOURCES: MEDLINE and LILACS databases, technical publications by international organizations, national and international directives. The search terms acute respiratory infection, otitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, antibiotic, guidelines and bacterial resistance were used. Articles cited by the articles selected were analyzed for information of interest. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: Bacterial resistance has grown, to the extent that today it is recognized as a global public health problem. ARI are the most common cause of antibiotic usage within the community; yet a large proportion of these cases, compromising the upper (otitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis) or the lower airways (pneumonia), are the result of viral infections. Recommendations to rationalize the use of antibiotics in patients with ARI have the common objective of minimizing unnecessary antibiotic use, since "antibiotic pressure" is one of the factors triggering bacterial resistance. CONCLUSIONS: It is of great importance to differentiate among ARI patients those who will benefit from the use of antibiotics. The establishment of recommendations for the prescription of antibiotics is one strategy for minimizing the frequency of bacterial resistance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/drug effects , Outpatients , Otitis Media/drug therapy , Pneumonia/drug therapy , Sinusitis/drug therapy , Acute Disease , Algorithms , Drug Prescriptions , Haemophilus influenzae/drug effects , Moraxella catarrhalis/drug effects , Otitis Media/diagnosis , Otitis Media/microbiology , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/standards , Pneumonia/diagnosis , Pneumonia/microbiology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Sinusitis/diagnosis , Sinusitis/microbiology , Streptococcus pneumoniae/drug effects , Streptococcus pyogenes/drug effects , Tonsillitis/diagnosis , Tonsillitis/drug therapy , Tonsillitis/microbiology , Unnecessary Procedures
13.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 72(1): 12-16, jan.-fev. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-434974

ABSTRACT

O Streptococcus beta-hemolítico do grupo A (SGA) é o agente etiológico mais comum das faringoamigdalites (FA). O diagnóstico etiológico correto e tratamento adequado evitam complicações supurativas e não-supurativas da faringoamigdalite estreptocócica, entretanto, métodos clínicos de diagnóstico não são confiáveis. Os métodos rápidos de detecção do antígeno do SGA podem ser utilizados no diagnóstico deste agente e evitar uso indevido de antibióticos. OBJETIVOS: Os autores objetivaram avaliar a sensibilidade e especificidade dos testes rápidos para detecção do antígeno do SGA em nosso meio. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico prospectivo. METODOLOGIA: Oitenta e um pacientes com faringoamigdalite aguda, atendidos no PS-ORL do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP, no período de maio de 2001 a abril de 2002, foram submetidos a duas coletas simultâneas de material de orofaringe com swabs. O teste rápido de detecção do SGA foi confrontado com a cultura em placa agar-sangue ("gold standard" para o diagnóstico etiológico). RESULTADOS: De 81 pacientes, 56 por cento tiveram teste rápido positivo e 44 por cento negativo; 40.7 por cento apresentaram crescimento de SGA na cultura; a sensibilidade e especificidade do teste rápido foram, respectivamente, 93,9 por cento e 68,7 por cento. O valor preditivo negativo e positivo foram, respectivamente, 94,2 por cento e 67,4 por cento. CONCLUSÕES: A alta sensibilidade do exame permite utilizá-lo com intuito de identificar pacientes com SGA. Os testes de detecção rápida do antígeno estreptocócico se mostraram uma importante arma coadjuvante no diagnóstico etiológico das faringoamigdalites.


Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GAS) is an important pharyngotonsillitis etiologic agent. Correct etiologic diagnosis and early treatment prevent suppurative and non-suppurative complications of streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis, however, clinical diagnostic methods are not reliable. Within this context, rapid detection methods of GAS antigen are useful to diagnose this agent. AIM: The objective of the present study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of rapid GAS antigen detection tests used in Brazil. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical prospective. METHODS: Eighty-one patients with clinical diagnosis of acute pharyngotonsillitis seen at the otorhinolaryngology emergency department of University Hospital, FMUSP, between May 2001 and April 2002, were submitted to two simultaneous collections of oropharyngeal material using swabs. Rapid GAS antigen detection test was compared to culture on blood agar, the gold standard for the diagnosis of this etiologic agent. RESULTS: Among the 81 studied patients, the rapid test was positive in 56 percent and negative in 44 percent. GAS growth in culture was observed for 40.7 percent of the patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the rapid test were, respectively, 93.9 percent and 68.7 percent, and the negative and positive predictive values were 94.2 and 67.4 percent, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the high sensitivity of the test permits its use for the identification of patients with GAS. Rapid streptococcal antigen detection tests have been shown to be an important supporting tool in the etiologic diagnosis of pharyngotonsillitis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Pharyngitis/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcus pyogenes/immunology , Tonsillitis/microbiology , Pharyngitis/diagnosis , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tonsillitis/diagnosis
14.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-46310

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to find out the most common organism affecting the tonsils in recurrent tonsillitis. METHODOLOGY: This was a prospective study consisting of total number of 50 patients, conducted in the ENT department of Dhulikhel Hospital, KUTH, Dhulikhel, Nepal. The study period was one year and three months (March 2004 to April 2005). RESULTS: Total numbers of 50 patients were selected, of which 32 were of acute tonsillitis and 18 were taken as control. Among these males were 32 and females were 18. The age group was from 3 years to 64 years. Throat swabs of patients were taken by aseptic method and were sent to the laboratory immediately. Among the infected tonsils the most common organism was Streptococcus viridans followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis. The third most common was Beta haemolytic streptococci whereas Micrococcus was not isolated in any of the infected samples. Likewise in non-infected tonsils, the most common organism isolated was again Streptococcus viridans followed by Micrococcus and Diptheroids. In these specimen no Beta haemolytic streptococci was isolated from the control group. CONCLUSION: Thus, the study is able to put forward the fact that most common organism affecting the tonsils in infected as well as non- infected state is Streptococcus viridans. Where as Beta haemolytic streptococci was not found in non-infected tonsils, likewise Micrococcus was not found in infected tonsils.


Subject(s)
Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Moraxella/isolation & purification , Palatine Tonsil/microbiology , Prospective Studies , Recurrence , Streptococcus/isolation & purification , Tonsillitis/microbiology
16.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-45036

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to seek the correlation between tonsillar core and tonsillar crypt cultures and study the incidence of beta- lactamase producing bacteria (BLPB) in chronic tonsillitis patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study was carried out in Department of Otolaryngology from Feb 2000 to Dec 2001. Patients with chronic tonsillitis who underwent tonsillectomy were enrolled, and culture results from tonsillar crypts were compared with tonsillar core. RESULTS: The tonsil were removed from 61 patients. Age ranging from 2-14 years (n=21) and 15-50 years (N= 40); H. influenza (25.2%), S. aureus (23.4%), and S. viridian (11.3%) were isolated from tonsillar core, while 25.9% and 24% of organisms isolated from tonsillar crypt were H. influenza and S. aurieus, respectively. Correlations between tonsillar core and tonsillar crypt culture were 100% specificity for Group A beta hemolytic streptococcocus (GABHS), 86.2% for H. influenza and 81.5% for S. aureus. Regarding beta-lactamase production, 29.2% of H. influenza were beta lactamase producing bacteria (BLPB), while 88.9% of S. aureus were BLPB. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates a high correlation in cultures obtained from tonsillar crypt and tonsillar core. The difference in isolated technique may account for the higher correlation when compared to previous studies. The incidence of beta- lactamase producing bacteria in chronic tonsillitis was high.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Bacteria, Aerobic/enzymology , Bacteria, Anaerobic/enzymology , Child , Child, Preschool , Chronic Disease , Humans , Middle Aged , Palatine Tonsil/microbiology , Tonsillitis/microbiology , beta-Lactamases/metabolism
17.
Clinics ; 60(2): 177-182, Apr. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-398473

ABSTRACT

A fasceite necrotizante cervical é uma infecção grave de partes moles do pescoço. Trata-se de entidade rara, porém quando presente tem como principal origem um foco infeccioso odontogênico. São descritos 4 casos de fasceite necrotizante cervical a partir de tonsilites e abscesso peritonsilar, os quais, foram admitidos e tratados na unidade de terapia intensiva. Um dos pacientes era portador de Diabetes Melittus não insulino- dependente e outro paciente havia recebido corticoterapia antes do desenvolvimento da infecção. Em um dos casos ocorreu mediastinite, insuficiência respiratória e o paciente evolui para o óbito em decorrência de choque séptico. Durante o tratamento, 3 pacientes evoluíram satisfatoriamente devido ao diagnostico precoce, tratamento cirúrgico agressivo e utilização de antibiótico terapia de largo espectro. A bactéria mais comumente encontrada foi o Streptococcus sp, mas flora mista com germes anaeróbios foi encontrada em 3 dos casos descritos. CONCLUSÕES: Deve-se suspeitar de tonsilite e abscesso peritonsilar como causa de fasceite necrotizante cervical para que tratamento agressivo e precoce seja realizado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/microbiology , Tonsillitis/complications , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/diagnosis , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/drug therapy , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/surgery , Neck , Tonsillitis/microbiology
18.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 71(2): 168-171, mar.-abr. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-408688

ABSTRACT

O Streptococcus pyogenes do grupo A (SGA) é o agente etiológico mais comum das faringoamigdalites (FA). O diagnóstico etiológico correto e tratamento adequado evitam complicacões supurativas e não-supurativas da faringoamigdalite estreptocócica, entretanto, métodos clínicos de diagnóstico não são confiáveis. Os métodos rápidos de deteccão do antígeno do SGA podem ser utilizados no diagnóstico deste agente e evitar uso indevido de antibióticos. OBJETIVOS: Os autores objetivaram avaliar a sensibilidade e especificidade dos testes rápidos para deteccão do antígeno do SGA em nosso meio. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico prospectivo. CASUíSTICA E MÉTODO: Oitenta e um pacientes com faringoamigdalite aguda, atendidos no PS-ORL do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP, no período de maio de 2001 a abril de 2002, foram submetidos a duas coletas simultâneas de material de orofaringe com swabs. O teste rápido de deteccão do SGA foi confrontado com a cultura em placa agar-sangue ("gold standard" para o diagnóstico etiológico). RESULTADOS: De 81 pacientes, 56 por cento tiveram teste rápido positivo e 44 por cento negativo; 40.7 por cento apresentaram crescimento de SGA na cultura; a sensibilidade e especificidade do teste rápido foram, respectivamente, 93,9 por cento e 68,7 por cento. O valor preditivo negativo e positivo foram, respectivamente, 94,2 por cento e 67,4 por cento. COMENTARIOS FINAIS: A alta sensibilidade do exame permite utilizá-lo com intuito de identificar pacientes com SGA. Os testes de deteccão rápida do antígeno estreptocócico se mostraram uma importante arma coadjuvante no diagnóstico etiológico das faringoamigdalites.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Antigens, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Pharyngitis/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcus pyogenes/immunology , Tonsillitis/microbiology , Bacteriological Techniques , Immunologic Tests , Prospective Studies , Pharyngitis/diagnosis , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tonsillitis/diagnosis
19.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 81(1): 23-28, jan.-fev. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-402765

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: O diagnóstico e tratamento correto das faringotonsilites causadas pelo estreptococo beta-hemolítico do grupo A é importante, particularmente na prevenção das seqüelas não-supurativas. Achados clínicos continuam sendo utilizados para diferenciar infecção estreptocócica de faringotonsilite viral. A Academia Americana de Pediatria recomenda que o diagnóstico da faringotonsilite estreptocócica seja sempre confirmado por métodos de identificação microbiológica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a acurácia do diagnóstico clínico comparado com resultados de cultura e teste rápido no diagnóstico das faringotonsilites estreptocócicas. MÉTODOS: Crianças entre 2 e 13 anos com diagnóstico clínico de faringotonsilite avaliadas na unidade de emergência pediátrica da Santa Casa de São Paulo eram selecionadas, e aquelas com sintomas de infecção viral eram excluídas. Foram registrados achados clínicos e colhidos suabes para a realização de cultura e teste rápido para estreptococo do grupo A. RESULTADOS: Das 376 crianças avaliadas, a cultura foi positiva em 96 (24,4 por cento). A presença de petéquias, exsudato e gânglios dolorosos foi mais comum nas crianças com culturas positivas, mas com baixa acurácia diagnóstica. A avaliação subjetiva do médico que assistia o paciente não identificou 21 por cento dos casos positivos e recomendou antibióticos para 47 por cento das crianças com cultura negativa, contra 3 e 6 por cento identificados pelo teste rápido, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: Um método de diagnóstico microbiológico é necessário para a adequada prescrição de antibióticos em crianças com faringotonsilites estreptocócicas.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Bacterial Typing Techniques/methods , Pharyngitis/diagnosis , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolation & purification , Tonsillitis/diagnosis , Likelihood Functions , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Pharyngitis/microbiology , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Sensitivity and Specificity , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Tonsillitis/microbiology
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